NASSAU

NASSAU
NASSAU, former duchy in Germany. In the Middle Ages Jews were to be found in Limburg on the Lahn, Diez, Montabaur, and other towns in the duchy. Limburg was the most important community before the black death persecutions (1348), when all the Jews were annihilated. The settlement was reestablished, but there is evidence that they were again severely persecuted and expelled. After the Thirty-Years War (1618–48) wiesbaden emerged as the leading community. When the duchy of Nassau split up into minor principalities, Jews settled in the villages, where they engaged in peddling and livestock trading. In 1798 the French army abolished the leibzoll ("body tax") in Nassau-Usingen, but it was reap-plied in 1801 and only finally abolished in 1808 through the intervention of wolf breidenbach , the court jew of Brunswick. The authorities compensated themselves by raising the Schutzgeld ("protection money"; see schutzjuden ). Nassau-Usingen, which had 104 Jewish families, increased its territory and included about 530 Jewish families in 1805; after 1815–16, a single duchy was created. In 1836 there were 1,238 Jewish families (6,147 persons) distributed in 229 localities and conducting services in 95 Judenschulen. Only 11 communities in the various localities had more than 100 persons; the largest, Heddernheim, had 327, but almost all of the men were peddlers who were generally absent on their business. The capital, Wiesbaden, had 234 persons, and its rabbi, abraham geiger , who served from 1832 to 1838, appealed unsuccessfully to the government to be appointed landrabbiner . The Orthodox communities opposed his efforts, and Geiger left in frustration. In 1842 Reform services modeled on those of Wuerttemberg were introduced and four district rabbinates created. In 1848 full civic equality was temporarily granted, and in 1861 the Jewish oath was abolished. In 1865, a year before it was annexed to prussia , as part of the province of Hesse-Nassau, there were in Nassau 7,000 Jews (1.5% of the population). Through emigration from the rural communities to the cities, in particular to Wiesbaden, their numbers subsequently decreased. -BIBLIOGRAPHY: M. Silberstein, in: ZGJD, 5 (1892), 126–45, 335–47; A. Kober, in: Festschrift S. Dubnow (1930), 215–25; idem, in: Festschrift M. Philippson (1916), 275–301; idem, in: Nassauische Annalen, 66 (1955), 220–50; J.L. Frank, Loschen Hakodesch (1961); H. Wiener, Abraham Geiger and Liberal Judaism (1962), 9–17.

Encyclopedia Judaica. 1971.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Nassau — may mean the following: Placenames Germany Nassau, Germany, a town in Rhineland Palatinate founded in AD 915, after which all the following (except the village in Saxony) are named, directly or indirectly Nassau Castle, ancestral seat of the… …   Wikipedia

  • Nassau — steht für: Burg Nassau, eine Burg im Rhein Lahn Kreis in Rheinland Pfalz Haus Nassau, ein Adelsgeschlecht, das die Könige der Niederlande (Oranien Nassau) und die Großherzöge von Luxemburg stellt Herzogtum Nassau, Herzogtum und Staat des… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Nassau — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Para otros usos de este término, véase Nassau (desambiguación). Nassau …   Wikipedia Español

  • Nassau — es la capital de las Bahamas. Centro comercial y cultural de las Bahamas, tiene una población de alreddor de 180.000 habitantes, siendo la ciudad más grande del archpiélago. Localizada en la isla New Providence. De clima trópical, es un… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Nassau [1] — Nassau, 1) Herzogthum im westlichen Deutschland, grenzt im Norden u. Westen an die preußischen Regierungsbezirke Arnsberg u. Coblenz, im Süden an Hessen Darmstadt, im Osten an Frankfurt am Main, Kurhessen u. Hessen Homburg, bildet ein großes,… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Nassau — Nassau, NY U.S. village in New York Population (2000): 1161 Housing Units (2000): 529 Land area (2000): 0.680873 sq. miles (1.763453 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.680873 sq. miles (1.763453… …   StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places

  • Nassau [2] — Nassau (Gesch.). In den Ländern zwischen Rhein, Main u. Lahn wohnten zur Römerzeit die Mattiaken, nachher Alemannen; diese überwältigte Chlodwig 496 u. schlug ihr Land zum Fränkischen Reiche; durch die Theilung von Verdun 843 kam dasselbe zum… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Nassau [3] — Nassau (Geneal.). Das Haus N., eins der ältesten deutschen Fürstenhäuser (s.u. Nassau, Gesch.), ist seit 1250 in zwei Linien getrennt, von denen die jüngere Ottonische jetzt auf dem Niederländischen Königsthrone sitzt (s. Niederlande), die ältere …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Nassau — Nassau1 [nä′sou΄] n. name of the princely family of the former German duchy of Nassau, which, as the House of Orange, has ruled the Netherlands since 1815 Nassau2 [nä′sou΄; ] for 2 [ na′sô΄] 1. Nassau region in W Germany: formerly a duchy 2.… …   English World dictionary

  • Nassau [1] — Nassau, ehemaliges deutsches Herzogtum, das infolge des Krieges von 1866 an den preußischen Staat kam und gegenwärtig (einschließlich der Kreise Frankfurt a. M., Stadt und Land, und Biedenkopf) den Regierungsbezirk Wiesbaden der Provinz Hessen… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”